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        <h1>
          Evaluating brightness and color with waveform monitors
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        <div xmlns:adobe="http://www.adobe.com/saxon" id="minitoc"><div class="t"><div class="b"><div><ul id="minitoc-links"><li><p><a href="#WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ffb"><h1 class="topictitle1">About video dynamic range</h1>
</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7fec"><h1 class="topictitle1">About Waveform Monitor</h1>
</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ff8"><h1 class="topictitle1">Configure Waveform Monitor</h1>
</a></p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div><p>Waveform
monitors convert video signals to waveforms, representing brightness and
saturation levels. Waveform monitors are valuable at a shoot because
you can’t always trust your eyes. Your eyes adjust to what you see,
making you overly forgiving of lighting problems. By representing
brightness graphically, waveform monitors take the subjectivity
out of image assessment. They provide a scientific foundation for
the art of cinematic lighting, helping you capture video that uses the
full dynamic range without clipping.</p>
<p>In Adobe OnLocation, waveform monitors can use the YCbCr, IRE,
or RGB color models. These models display color data on different
scales:</p>
<ul><li><p>YCbCr monitors show brightness (Y) values on a scale
running from 16 to 235. Chroma values (Cb and Cr) appear on scales
running from –0.5 to +0.5, with broadcast limits of –0.437 and +0.437.</p>
</li>
<li><p>IRE (0 Setup) monitors show brightness (Y) on a scale running
from 0 to 100. In IRE (7.5 Setup), the brightness scale runs from
7.5 to 100. </p>
</li>
<li><p>The RGB scale runs from 0 to 255 for each color.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tip"><img src="images/tip_help.png" />Choose YCbCr to evaluate brightness separately
from color. Choose RGB to evaluate the brightness of each color
channel.</div><ul class="navlinklist"></ul>
</div>
<div id="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ffb" class="nochunk"><a name="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ffb"><!-- --></a><h2 class="topictitle2">About video dynamic range</h2><div><p><i xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Dynamic range</i> describes
the difference between the smallest and largest possible video brightness,
or <i xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">luma</i>, values. With a wider dynamic range, video becomes
more vivid and lifelike. DV, for example, has a scale of luma values ranging
from 16 to 235. That range of values indicates how dark or bright
each pixel is.</p>
<p>Compared to prosumer camcorder videos, high-end camcorder videos
often appear to be of better quality as they provide a more dynamic
range. However, the biggest difference between them is in how they
utilize the available dynamic range. </p>
<p>A prosumer camera can achieve results comparable to a high-end
camera. You can achieve it only if you set up the shot using the
objective monitoring tools of Adobe&#160;OnLocation.
Tools such as the Waveform Monitor and Camera Setup Assistant panel
enable you to maximize the signal to fill the available dynamic range.
The expanded dynamic range must be captured when shooting by adjusting
the camera, lighting, and composition. Making major corrections
in postproduction produces unsightly artifacts.</p>
<p>Using as much dynamic range as possible also provides more latitude
for image processing in postproduction. For example, you want a
shot to be dark and moody. You'll produce better results by shooting
a brightly lit scene and darkening it in postproduction than by
shooting with dark lighting.</p>
<p>To use the full dynamic range, leave the darkest shadows at the
bottom of the scale on the Waveform Monitor. Light the brightest
areas so that they reach the top. Create numerous grayscale steps
in between.</p>
</div></div>
<div id="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7fec" class="nochunk"><a name="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7fec"><!-- --></a><h2 class="topictitle2">About Waveform Monitor</h2><div><p>Waveform Monitor displays brightness values from 0 to 255
for YCbCr and RGB modes, with the broadcast limits of 16 and 235
clearly delineated. The brightness values for IRE (0 Setup) and
IRE (7.5 Setup) are from 0 to 100 and 7.5 to 100, respectively.
The horizontal position in the signal corresponds to the horizontal position
in the image. For example, consider that a spike occurs in the signal about
one-third of the way from the left side. Then, a bright spot exists
in the image at the same relative position.</p>
<div xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" class="fignone"><img alt="" id="al_A_WfMon_example" src="images/al_A_WfMon_example.png" /><dl><dt class="dlterm">A.</dt>
<dd>Test image</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">B.</dt>
<dd>As seen
through camera</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p></dl>
</div><p>The graphic above shows a test image and the waveform that it
produces. You can see the correspondence between the horizontal
position of the shapes in the image and that in the signal. The
gray background produces the horizontal swath that ranges from approximately
80 to 125 Y. The dark triangle and light oval account for the bands
at approximately 45–65 and 165–180 Y, respectively. As the vertical
white line extends from top to bottom, it cuts a full slice out
of the background swath. However, the black line takes only a bite
out of that swath, as it’s just half the height of the image.</p>
<p>The two shapes on the right side of the test image are the hardest
to interpret. They are geometrically complex and contain gradients
rather than solid colors. The sine wave produces an angled line
because the gradient runs sideways. With the gradient running vertically
in the scalloped shape, the signal roughly reflects the shape.</p>
</div></div>
<div id="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ff8" class="nochunk"><a name="WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d117cbc98447-7ff8"><!-- --></a><h2 class="topictitle2">Configure Waveform Monitor</h2><div><div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Display waveform monitors</h4><p>You can
display multiple Waveform Monitors, each measuring a different color component.</p>
<ul><li><p>To add a new monitor, choose Window&#160;&gt; Waveform
Monitor&#160;&gt; New Waveform Monitor.</p>
</li>
<li><p>To display an existing monitor, choose Window&#160;&gt;
Waveform Monitor&#160;&gt; <var class="varname">[color component]</var>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Select the color component you want to evaluate</h4><p>To
select the color component you want to evaluate, click the panel
menu icon&#160;<img src="images/panel_menu_icon.png" /> in
the upper-right corner of the Waveform Monitor pane. Select from the
following options:</p>
<dl><dt class="dlterm">YCbCr Options</dt>
<dd xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Displays chroma values if you select Cb or Cr, and brightness values
if you select Y. To display all options, with brightness values
on the left of the graph and chroma on the right, choose Parade.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">RGB Options</dt>
<dd xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Displays the Red, Green, or Blue channels individually, or
with the Parade option.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p></dl>
</div>
<div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Switch from Full mode to Line mode</h4><p>To
switch from analyzing the full image (Full mode) to a single line
of the video (Line mode), select Line. Then, drag across the value
to scroll up and down the frame. </p>
<div class="tip"><img src="images/tip_help.png" />When you
switch to Line mode, the Field Monitor displays the current line
in white. To hide the line, click a panel other than the Waveform
Monitor.</div></div>
<div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Adjust intensity and illumination for your working environment</h4><p>To better evaluate video data in various lighting
conditions, adjust the following settings:</p>
<dl><dt class="dlterm">Intensity</dt>
<dd xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Enables you to control the brightness of the waveform display.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Illumination</dt>
<dd xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Enables you to control the brightness of the scale.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p></dl>
</div>
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