P

package imports, Module Packages–Package initialization file roles, Module Packages, Packages and Search Path Settings, Package __init__.py Files–Package initialization file roles, Package initialization file roles, Package Import Example–from Versus import with Packages, from Versus import with Packages, Why Use Package Imports?–A Tale of Three Systems, Package Relative Imports–Example: Application to module self-test code (preview), Changes in Python 3.X, Relative Import Basics

about, Module Packages–Package initialization file roles

__all__ variable, Package initialization file roles

from versus import statement, from Versus import with Packages

__init__.py files, Package __init__.py Files–Package initialization file roles

relative imports model, Module Packages, Package Relative Imports–Example: Application to module self-test code (preview)

search path settings, Packages and Search Path Settings, Relative Import Basics

usage considerations, Why Use Package Imports?–A Tale of Three Systems

usage example, Package Import Example–from Versus import with Packages

version considerations, Changes in Python 3.X

packages, Module Packages, Module Packages, Module Packages, Package Import Basics–A Tale of Three Systems, Packages and Search Path Settings, Package initialization file roles, A Tale of Three Systems, Package Relative Imports–Example: Application to module self-test code (preview), Relative Import Basics, Module Lookup Rules Summary, Python 3.3 Namespace Packages–Files Still Have Precedence over Directories, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

about, Module Packages, A Tale of Three Systems

__all__ variable, Package initialization file roles

namespace package model, Module Packages, Module Lookup Rules Summary, Python 3.3 Namespace Packages–Files Still Have Precedence over Directories

package imports, Package Import Basics–A Tale of Three Systems

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

relative imports model, Module Packages, Package Relative Imports–Example: Application to module self-test code (preview)

search path settings, Packages and Search Path Settings, Relative Import Basics

parameters, def Statements (see arguments)

parentheses ( ), Comprehensions, Parentheses group subexpressions, Tuple syntax peculiarities: Commas and parentheses, Parentheses are optional, Statement rule special cases, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance

comprehensions and, Comprehensions

expression operators and, Parentheses group subexpressions

statements and, Parentheses are optional, Statement rule special cases

superclasses and, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance

tuples and, Tuple syntax peculiarities: Commas and parentheses

Parrot project, Future Possibilities?

parsing text in strings, String Method Examples: Parsing Text

pass statement, Python’s Statements, break, continue, pass, and the Loop else–pass

passing-arguments-by-pointer, Argument-Passing Basics

passing-arguments-by-value, Argument-Passing Basics

PATH environment variable, The System Path, New Windows Options in 3.3: PATH, Launcher, Command-Line Usage Variations, The Unix env Lookup Trick, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

about, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

env program and, The Unix env Lookup Trick

new Windows options, New Windows Options in 3.3: PATH, Launcher

setting, The System Path, Command-Line Usage Variations

paths, Usage Notes: import and reload, Cycles, paths, and stack limits, The Module Search Path–Optimized byte code files, Package Import Basics, Packages and Search Path Settings, Relative Import Basics, Module Lookup Rules Summary, Changing the Module Search Path–Changing the Module Search Path, Path files, Running modules on the search path

module search paths, Usage Notes: import and reload, The Module Search Path–Optimized byte code files, Module Lookup Rules Summary, Changing the Module Search Path–Changing the Module Search Path, Path files, Running modules on the search path

package imports, Package Import Basics

package search paths, Packages and Search Path Settings, Relative Import Basics

recording for recursive calls, Cycles, paths, and stack limits

pattern matching in strings, Pattern Matching, Pattern Matching, Other Common String Methods in Action, The re Pattern-Matching Module

about, Pattern Matching

re module and, Pattern Matching, Other Common String Methods in Action, The re Pattern-Matching Module

pdb command-line debugger, Which Option Should I Use?, Development Tools for Larger Projects

PEP (Python Enhancement Proposal), How Is Python Developed and Supported?

percent sign (%), Starting an Interactive Session, What Not to Type: Prompts and Comments, Running Files with Command Lines, Formatting Expression Basics, Comparison to the % Formatting Expression–Comparison to the % Formatting Expression, Method Calls

formatting expression operator, Formatting Expression Basics, Comparison to the % Formatting Expression–Comparison to the % Formatting Expression, Method Calls

system shell prompt, Starting an Interactive Session, What Not to Type: Prompts and Comments, Running Files with Command Lines

performance considerations, Performance implications, PyPy: Python for speed, On the other hand: performance, conciseness, expressiveness, On the other hand: performance, conciseness, expressiveness, Scope of search order change, What about slots speed?

(see also benchmarking)

list comprehensions, On the other hand: performance, conciseness, expressiveness

MRO and, Scope of search order change

program execution, Performance implications

Python alternatives, PyPy: Python for speed

slots, What about slots speed?

Perl programming language, Test Your Knowledge: Answers

permutations, Permutations: All possible combinations–Permutations: All possible combinations

persistence, Nesting Revisited (see object persistence)

Peters, Tim, Full Credit

pexpect system, Other File Tools

pickle module, Database Programming, Nesting Revisited, Storing Native Python Objects: pickle, Other File Tools, Pickles and Shelves, Stream Processors Revisited, The pickle Object Serialization Module–The pickle Object Serialization Module

about, Pickles and Shelves

object persistence and, Database Programming, Nesting Revisited

object serialization and, The pickle Object Serialization Module–The pickle Object Serialization Module

persistence and, Stream Processors Revisited

storing objects, Storing Native Python Objects: pickle, Other File Tools

plus (+) operator, Numbers, Sequence Operations, Basic Operations, Basic List Operations, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

adding numbers, Numbers

concatenating lists, Basic List Operations, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

concatenating strings, Sequence Operations, Basic Operations, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

PMW extension package, GUIs

polymorphism, Sequence Operations, How to Break Your Code’s Flexibility, Preview: Operator overloading and polymorphism, Polymorphism in Python, Polymorphism Revisited, Polymorphism and classes–Polymorphism and classes, Polymorphism in Action, Python and OOP, Polymorphism Means Interfaces, Not Call Signatures, More on sys.exc_info

about, Sequence Operations, How to Break Your Code’s Flexibility, Python and OOP

classes and, Polymorphism and classes–Polymorphism and classes, Polymorphism in Action

in functions, Polymorphism in Python, Polymorphism Revisited

OOP considerations, Polymorphism Means Interfaces, Not Call Signatures

operator overloading and, Preview: Operator overloading and polymorphism

testing exception types, More on sys.exc_info

portability, It’s Portable

positional arguments, Argument Matching Basics, Headers: Collecting arguments, A Basic Range-Testing Decorator for Positional Arguments–Other Applications: Type Testing (If You Insist!)

pow built-in function, Other Built-in Numeric Tools

pprint module, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources

pformat function, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources

pprint function, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources

usage considerations, Example: Mapping Attributes to Inheritance Sources

precedence rules, Mixed operators follow operator precedence

print built-in function, Running Code Interactively, The Python 3.X print Function–The 3.X print function in action, Emulating the Python 3.X print Function–Using Keyword-Only Arguments

print operations, Running Code Interactively, Running Code Interactively, Other File Tools, Expression Statements, Print Operations, Print Operations, Print Operations, The Python 3.X print Function–The 2.X print statement in action, The Python 3.X print Function–The 3.X print function in action, Print Stream Redirection–Automatic stream redirection, Version-Neutral Printing–Neutralizing display differences with code, Neutralizing display differences with code, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Emulating the Python 3.X print Function–Using Keyword-Only Arguments, Emulating the Python 3.X print Function–Using Keyword-Only Arguments, Using Code Two Ways, Providing Print Displays–Providing Print Displays, Default Printing and State–Default Printing and State, Custom Print Displays, Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!–Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!

(see also print statement)

about, Print Operations

built-in exception classes and, Default Printing and State–Default Printing and State

completion certificate, Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!–Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!

custom displays, Custom Print Displays

display formats, Providing Print Displays–Providing Print Displays

expression statements and, Expression Statements

file object methods and, Print Operations

print built-in function, Running Code Interactively, The Python 3.X print Function–The 3.X print function in action, Emulating the Python 3.X print Function–Using Keyword-Only Arguments

print stream redirection, Print Stream Redirection–Automatic stream redirection

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

standard output stream, Other File Tools, Print Operations, Neutralizing display differences with code

version considerations, The Python 3.X print Function–The 2.X print statement in action, Emulating the Python 3.X print Function–Using Keyword-Only Arguments, Using Code Two Ways

version-neutral, Version-Neutral Printing–Neutralizing display differences with code

print statement, Running Code Interactively, Usage Notes: The Interactive Prompt, Usage Notes: Command Lines and Files, Which Option Should I Use?, Numeric Display Formats, The Python 2.X print Statement–The 2.X print statement in action

about, Running Code Interactively, The Python 2.X print Statement–The 2.X print statement in action

common usage mistakes, Usage Notes: The Interactive Prompt, Usage Notes: Command Lines and Files

debugging code and, Which Option Should I Use?

numeric display formats and, Numeric Display Formats

private attributes, Implementing Private Attributes–Using __dict__ and __slots__ (and other virtual names)

procedures, Expression Statements (see functions)

profile module, Iteration and Optimization, Other Suggestions, Development Tools for Larger Projects

program architecture, Import and Reload Basics, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy Revisited, Python Program Architecture–Standard Library Modules

about, Import and Reload Basics

conceptual hierarchy, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy Revisited

modules and, Python Program Architecture–Standard Library Modules

program execution, How Python Runs Programs, Introducing the Python Interpreter–Introducing the Python Interpreter, The Programmer’s View–The Programmer’s View, Python’s View, Byte code compilation–Byte code compilation, Byte code compilation, The Python Virtual Machine (PVM), Performance implications, Development implications, Execution Model Variations–Future Possibilities?, Execution Optimization Tools–Psyco: The original just-in-time compiler, Frozen Binaries, Future Possibilities?, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, The Interactive Prompt–Entering multiline statements, System Command Lines and Files–Usage Notes: Command Lines and Files, Unix-Style Executable Scripts: #!–The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows, Clicking File Icons–Other Icon-Click Limitations, Module Imports and Reloads–Usage Notes: import and reload, Using exec to Run Module Files–Using exec to Run Module Files, The IDLE User Interface–Usage Notes: IDLE, Other IDEs–Other IDEs, Other Launch Options–Future Possibilities?, Embedding Calls, Frozen Binary Executables, Text Editor Launch Options, Future Possibilities?, Which Option Should I Use?, Which Option Should I Use?–Which Option Should I Use?, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers

about, How Python Runs Programs

alternative IDEs, Other IDEs–Other IDEs

alternative launch options, Other Launch Options–Future Possibilities?

byte code compilation and, Byte code compilation–Byte code compilation

clicking file icons, Clicking File Icons–Other Icon-Click Limitations

debugging code, Which Option Should I Use?–Which Option Should I Use?

development considerations, Development implications

embedding calls, Embedding Calls

exec built-in function and, Using exec to Run Module Files–Using exec to Run Module Files

frozen binaries, Frozen Binaries, Frozen Binary Executables

future possibilities, Future Possibilities?, Future Possibilities?

IDLE user interface, The IDLE User Interface–Usage Notes: IDLE

interactive prompt, Byte code compilation, The Interactive Prompt–Entering multiline statements

interpreters and, Introducing the Python Interpreter–Introducing the Python Interpreter, Python’s View

model variations in, Execution Model Variations–Future Possibilities?

module imports and reloads, Module Imports and Reloads–Usage Notes: import and reload

optimization tools, Execution Optimization Tools–Psyco: The original just-in-time compiler

performance considerations, Performance implications

programmer’s perspective, The Programmer’s View–The Programmer’s View

PVM and, The Python Virtual Machine (PVM)

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers

selecting from options, Which Option Should I Use?

system command lines and files, System Command Lines and Files–Usage Notes: Command Lines and Files

text editor launch options, Text Editor Launch Options

Unix-style scripts, Unix-Style Executable Scripts: #!–The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows

program units, Python’s Core Data Types, Python’s Core Data Types

(see also classes; functions; modules)

Programming Python (Lutz), Just How New Is New-Style?

programs, System Command Lines and Files, System Command Lines and Files, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy, Example: Modules Are Objects–Example: Modules Are Objects

about, System Command Lines and Files

metaprograms, Example: Modules Are Objects–Example: Modules Are Objects

modules and, System Command Lines and Files, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy

prompts, What Not to Type: Prompts and Comments (see interactive prompt; system prompt)

properties, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, Example, Properties: Attribute Accessors–Property basics, Property basics, Properties–Setter and deleter decorators, Coding Properties with Decorators–Setter and deleter decorators, How Properties and Descriptors Relate–Descriptors and slots and more, Using Properties to Validate–Testing code

about, Properties: Attribute Accessors–Property basics

attribute, Properties–Setter and deleter decorators

class statement, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, Example, Property basics

coding with decorators, Coding Properties with Decorators–Setter and deleter decorators

descriptors and, How Properties and Descriptors Relate–Descriptors and slots and more

validating with, Using Properties to Validate–Testing code

property built-in function, Property basics, Function Decorator Basics, Inserting Code to Run on Attribute Access, How Properties and Descriptors Relate

prototyping systems, Rapid Prototyping

proxy classes (wrappers), OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects–OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects, Why the lookup change?, Managing Calls and Instances

about, OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects–OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects

decorators installing, Managing Calls and Instances

delegation and, Why the lookup change?

pseudoprivate class attributes, Name Considerations in Tool Classes, Pseudoprivate Class Attributes–Why Use Pseudoprivate Attributes?, Development Tools for Larger Projects, Using __X pseudoprivate names

about, Name Considerations in Tool Classes, Pseudoprivate Class Attributes–Why Use Pseudoprivate Attributes?

larger projects and, Development Tools for Larger Projects

public attributes and, Using __X pseudoprivate names

PSF (Python Software Foundation), How Is Python Developed and Supported?

pstats module, Development Tools for Larger Projects

Psyco system, PyPy: Python for speed, Psyco: The original just-in-time compiler

.pth file extension, Packages and Search Path Settings

public attributes, Generalizing for Public Declarations, Too–Decorator tradeoffs

PVM (Python Virtual Machine), The Python Virtual Machine (PVM)

.py file extension, The Programmer’s View, A First Script, Usage Notes: IDLE, 2. Compile It (Maybe), Module Filenames

about, The Programmer’s View, 2. Compile It (Maybe), Module Filenames

common usage mistakes, Usage Notes: IDLE

imported files and, A First Script

py2app tool, Frozen Binaries

py2exe tool, Frozen Binaries

.pyc file extension, Byte code compilation, 2. Compile It (Maybe), Byte Code Files: __pycache__ in Python 3.2+

__pycache__ subdirectory, Byte code compilation, Clicking Icons on Windows, 2. Compile It (Maybe), Byte Code Files: __pycache__ in Python 3.2+–Byte Code File Models in Action

PyChecker tool, Hiding built-ins by assignment: Shadowing, Development Tools for Larger Projects

PyDev IDE, Other IDEs

PyDoc system, Getting Help, Python Documentation Sources, PyDoc: The help Function–PyDoc: The help Function, PyDoc: HTML Reports–Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client, PyDoc: HTML Reports–Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client, Python 3.2 and later: PyDoc’s all-browser mode, Documentation Strings Revisited, Development Tools for Larger Projects

about, Getting Help, Python Documentation Sources

changing colors in, Python 3.2 and later: PyDoc’s all-browser mode

help function, PyDoc: The help Function–PyDoc: The help Function, Documentation Strings Revisited, Development Tools for Larger Projects

HTML reports, PyDoc: HTML Reports–Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client

version considerations, PyDoc: HTML Reports–Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client

pydoc.py script, Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client

pygame toolkit, Frozen Binaries

PyInstaller tool, Frozen Binaries, Development Tools for Larger Projects

PyLint system, Development Tools for Larger Projects

PyMongo interface, Nesting Revisited

.pyo file extension, Optimized byte code files

PyPy system, OK, but What’s the Downside?, Python Implementation Alternatives, PyPy: Python for speed, Interactive usage and API calls–Command-line usage, A win for map and a rare loss for PyPy

about, OK, but What’s the Downside?, Python Implementation Alternatives

benchmarking, A win for map and a rare loss for PyPy

performance considerations, PyPy: Python for speed

timeit module and, Interactive usage and API calls–Command-line usage

Pyrolog interpreter, PyPy: Python for speed

PySerial extension, Other File Tools

PySolFC program, And More: Gaming, Images, Data Mining, Robots, Excel...

pystone.py program, Other Benchmarking Topics: pystones

Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP), How Is Python Developed and Supported?

Python interpreter, Introducing the Python Interpreter, Introducing the Python Interpreter, Python’s View, Byte code compilation–Byte code compilation, The Python Virtual Machine (PVM), Performance implications, Development implications, PyPy: Python for speed, The Unix env Lookup Trick, Installing the Python Interpreter–Installation Steps, Configuring Python–Python 3.3 Windows Launcher Command Lines, For More Help

about, Introducing the Python Interpreter, Python’s View

additional information, For More Help

alternatives to, PyPy: Python for speed

byte code and, Byte code compilation–Byte code compilation

configuring, Configuring Python–Python 3.3 Windows Launcher Command Lines

development considerations, Development implications

installing, Introducing the Python Interpreter, Installing the Python Interpreter–Installation Steps

locating with env program, The Unix env Lookup Trick

performance considerations, Performance implications

PVM and, The Python Virtual Machine (PVM)

Python programming language, The Python 2.X and 3.X Lines, Why Do People Use Python?–Developer Productivity, Is Python a “Scripting Language”?, OK, but What’s the Downside?, OK, but What’s the Downside?, Who Uses Python Today?–Who Uses Python Today?, What Can I Do with Python?–And More: Gaming, Images, Data Mining, Robots, Excel..., What Can I Do with Python?–And More: Gaming, Images, Data Mining, Robots, Excel..., How Is Python Developed and Supported?, Open Source Tradeoffs, What Are Python’s Technical Strengths?–It’s Named After Monty Python, It’s Portable, It’s Powerful, How Does Python Stack Up to Language X?–How Does Python Stack Up to Language X?, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers, Test Your Knowledge: Answers, Python Implementation Alternatives–PyPy: Python for speed, Stackless: Python for concurrency, New Windows Options in 3.3: PATH, Launcher, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy, Future Directions–Future Directions, The Python Toolset, The Python Paradox–Where to Go From Here, For More Help

additional information, For More Help

advantages of, Why Do People Use Python?–Developer Productivity

common applications of, What Can I Do with Python?–And More: Gaming, Images, Data Mining, Robots, Excel...

compared to other languages, How Does Python Stack Up to Language X?–How Does Python Stack Up to Language X?

compared to Perl, Test Your Knowledge: Answers

development community, How Is Python Developed and Supported?

execution speed, OK, but What’s the Downside?

future directions, Future Directions–Future Directions

implementation alternatives, Python Implementation Alternatives–PyPy: Python for speed

new Windows options, New Windows Options in 3.3: PATH, Launcher

paradox of, The Python Paradox–Where to Go From Here

pillars of programming, The Python Conceptual Hierarchy

portability, It’s Portable

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers

scripting and, Is Python a “Scripting Language”?

technical strengths, What Are Python’s Technical Strengths?–It’s Named After Monty Python

tools supporting, What Can I Do with Python?–And More: Gaming, Images, Data Mining, Robots, Excel..., It’s Powerful, The Python Toolset

tradeoffs using, OK, but What’s the Downside?, Open Source Tradeoffs

user base, Who Uses Python Today?–Who Uses Python Today?, Stackless: Python for concurrency

version considerations, The Python 2.X and 3.X Lines (see version considerations for Python)

Python Software Foundation (PSF), How Is Python Developed and Supported?

Python Virtual Machine (PVM), The Python Virtual Machine (PVM)

PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable, Stream content: PYTHONIOENCODING

PythonLauncher, Icon-Click Basics

PYTHONPATH environment variable, Usage Notes: import and reload, Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client, The Module Search Path, Packages and Search Path Settings, Changing the Module Search Path, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables, Windows environment variable GUI

about, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

module search paths, Usage Notes: import and reload, The Module Search Path, Changing the Module Search Path

package search paths, Packages and Search Path Settings

PyDoc HTML reports, Python 3.2 and earlier: GUI client

Windows platform and, Windows environment variable GUI

PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

PythonWin IDE, Other IDEs

PyUnit tool, Development Tools for Larger Projects

.pyw file extension, New Windows Options in 3.3: PATH, Launcher

PY_PYTHON environment variable, The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

PY_PYTHON2 environment variable, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables

PY_PYTHON3 environment variable, Python Environment Variables, Python Environment Variables