C

C language, Variables, Objects, and References, More on the loop else, Argument-Passing Basics, Termination Actions, Why Decorators?, Why Decorators?

argument-passing model, Argument-Passing Basics

#define directive, Why Decorators?

error checks, Termination Actions

#include directive, Why Decorators?

memory address pointers, Variables, Objects, and References

while loops, More on the loop else

C++ language, Example, Methods, Pseudoprivate Class Attributes

call expressions, Method Call Syntax, Call Expressions: __call__–Function Interfaces and Callback-Based Code

__call__ method, Scopes: lambdas Can Be Nested Too, Common Operator Overloading Methods, Call Expressions: __call__–Function Interfaces and Callback-Based Code, Other callables–Other callables, A First Look at User-Defined Function Decorators, Implementation, Implementation, Using descriptors to decorate methods, Class Blunders II: Retaining Multiple Instances

about, Common Operator Overloading Methods, Call Expressions: __call__–Function Interfaces and Callback-Based Code

bound methods and, Other callables–Other callables

class decorators and, Implementation, Class Blunders II: Retaining Multiple Instances

class objects and, Scopes: lambdas Can Be Nested Too

function decorators and, A First Look at User-Defined Function Decorators, Implementation, Using descriptors to decorate methods

case considerations, String Basics, Variable Name Rules

case conversion for strings, String Basics

variable name rules, Variable Name Rules

certificate, completion, Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!–Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!

cgi.FieldStorage class, The has_key method is dead in 3.X: Long live in!

chaining, Comparisons: Normal and Chained–Comparisons: Normal and Chained, Using List Comprehensions on Files, Python 3.X Exception Chaining: raise from–Python 3.X Exception Chaining: raise from

exceptions, Python 3.X Exception Chaining: raise from–Python 3.X Exception Chaining: raise from

methods, Using List Comprehensions on Files

numeric comparisons, Comparisons: Normal and Chained–Comparisons: Normal and Chained

character code conversions, Character code conversions

character sets, Character Encoding Schemes, Character Encoding Schemes

(see also ASCII character set; Unicode character set)

chr built-in function, Character code conversions, List Comprehensions Versus map, Character Encoding Schemes, Coding Non-ASCII Text

circular references, Objects Are Garbage-Collected

__class__ attribute, Type Objects, Special Class Attributes, Instance Versus Class Attributes, Namespace Dictionaries: Review, Listing attributes per object in class trees, Type Model Changes, Coding Exceptions Classes, More on sys.exc_info

about, Special Class Attributes, Namespace Dictionaries: Review, Type Model Changes

coding exception classes, Coding Exceptions Classes

comparing class instances, Type Objects

exception type and, More on sys.exc_info

inheritance and, Instance Versus Class Attributes

listing attributes in class trees, Listing attributes per object in class trees

class attributes, Special Class Attributes, Instance Versus Class Attributes, Instance Versus Class Attributes, Name Considerations in Tool Classes, Attribute Tree Construction, Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview, Namespace Dictionaries: Review, Pseudoprivate Class Attributes–Why Use Pseudoprivate Attributes?, Changing Class Attributes Can Have Side Effects–Changing Mutable Class Attributes Can Have Side Effects, Too, Development Tools for Larger Projects, Class instance attributes, Using __X pseudoprivate names

about, Instance Versus Class Attributes

abstract superclasses and, Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview

class gotchas, Changing Class Attributes Can Have Side Effects–Changing Mutable Class Attributes Can Have Side Effects, Too

creating, Attribute Tree Construction

function decorators and, Class instance attributes

instance attributes versus, Instance Versus Class Attributes

pseudoprivate, Name Considerations in Tool Classes, Pseudoprivate Class Attributes–Why Use Pseudoprivate Attributes?, Development Tools for Larger Projects, Using __X pseudoprivate names

special, Special Class Attributes

usage examples, Namespace Dictionaries: Review

class decorators, OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects, Decorators and Metaclasses: Part 1, Decorators and Metaclasses: Part 1, A First Look at Class Decorators and Metaclasses–A First Look at Class Decorators and Metaclasses, What’s a Decorator?, Class Decorators, Usage, Implementation–Implementation, Supporting multiple instances, Coding Class Decorators–Why Decorators? (Revisited), Singleton Classes–Coding alternatives, Tracing Object Interfaces–Applying class decorators to built-in types, Applying class decorators to built-in types, Class Blunders II: Retaining Multiple Instances, Decorators Versus Manager Functions, Why Decorators? (Revisited), State retention and enclosing scopes, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 1–Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 1, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 2–Metaclass and class decorator equivalence?, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 3 (and Last)–Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 3 (and Last)

about, OOP and Delegation: “Wrapper” Proxy Objects, Decorators and Metaclasses: Part 1, What’s a Decorator?, Class Decorators

built-in types and, Applying class decorators to built-in types

coding, Coding Class Decorators–Why Decorators? (Revisited)

implementing, Implementation–Implementation

manager functions versus, Decorators Versus Manager Functions

metaclasses and, Decorators and Metaclasses: Part 1, A First Look at Class Decorators and Metaclasses–A First Look at Class Decorators and Metaclasses, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 1–Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 1, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 2–Metaclass and class decorator equivalence?, Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 3 (and Last)–Metaclasses Versus Class Decorators: Round 3 (and Last)

multiple instances and, Supporting multiple instances, Class Blunders II: Retaining Multiple Instances

singleton classes, Singleton Classes–Coding alternatives

state retention options, State retention and enclosing scopes

tracing object interfaces, Tracing Object Interfaces–Applying class decorators to built-in types

usage considerations, Usage, Why Decorators? (Revisited)

class methods, Static and Class Methods, Using Static and Class Methods–Using Static and Class Methods, Counting Instances with Class Methods–Counting instances per class with class methods, Metaclass Methods Versus Class Methods

about, Static and Class Methods

counting instances, Counting Instances with Class Methods–Counting instances per class with class methods

metaclass methods versus, Metaclass Methods Versus Class Methods

usage considerations, Using Static and Class Methods–Using Static and Class Methods

class statement, And Everything Else, Python’s Statements, Other Python scopes: Preview, Coding Class Trees–Coding Class Trees, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, A First Example–A First Example, A Second Example, Classes Are Attributes in Modules, The class Statement, General Form, Example, Example, Methods–Other Method Call Possibilities, Inheritance–Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview, Property basics, Managing Calls and Instances, Usage, Applying class decorators to built-in types, Class Statement Protocol

about, Python’s Statements, Coding Class Trees–Coding Class Trees, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, The class Statement

decorators and, Managing Calls and Instances, Usage, Applying class decorators to built-in types

general form, General Form

inheritance and, Inheritance–Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview

local scope and, Other Python scopes: Preview

metaclasses and, Class Statement Protocol

methods and, Methods–Other Method Call Possibilities

modules and, Classes Are Attributes in Modules

objects and, And Everything Else

properties for, Class Objects Provide Default Behavior, Example, Property basics

usage examples, A First Example–A First Example, A Second Example, Example

classes, Python’s Core Data Types, Getting Help, User-Defined Classes, Type Objects, Closures versus classes, round 1, State with Classes: Explicit Attributes (Preview), Generation in Built-in Types, Tools, and Classes–Preview: User-defined iterables in classes, Why Use Classes?, Classes and Instances, Classes and Instances, Classes and Instances, Method Calls, Method Calls, Coding Class Trees–Coding Class Trees, Coding Class Trees, Polymorphism and classes–Polymorphism and classes, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects, A First Example–A First Example, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance–Classes Are Attributes in Modules, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance, A Second Example, Classes Are Attributes in Modules, Classes Can Intercept Python Operators–Why Use Operator Overloading?, A Third Example–Returning results, or not, The World’s Simplest Python Class–The World’s Simplest Python Class, Records Revisited: Classes Versus Dictionaries–Records Revisited: Classes Versus Dictionaries, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Step 2: Adding Behavior Methods–Coding Methods, Step 3: Operator Overloading–Providing Print Displays, Step 4: Customizing Behavior by Subclassing–OOP: The Big Idea, Augmenting Methods: The Good Way, Polymorphism in Action, Step 5: Customizing Constructors, Too–Other Ways to Combine Classes, Other Ways to Combine Classes–Other Ways to Combine Classes, Step 6: Using Introspection Tools–Our Classes’ Final Form, Name Considerations in Tool Classes, Our Classes’ Final Form–Our Classes’ Final Form, Step 7 (Final): Storing Objects in a Database–Updating Objects on a Shelve, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers, Example, Example, Example, Methods–Other Method Call Possibilities, Inheritance–Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview, Namespaces: The Conclusion–Namespace Links: A Tree Climber, Nested Classes: The LEGB Scopes Rule Revisited–Nested Classes: The LEGB Scopes Rule Revisited, Documentation Strings Revisited, Classes Versus Modules, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Classes versus generators, Stream Processors Revisited, Classes Are Objects: Generic Object Factories–Why Factories?, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes–Room for improvement: MRO, slots, GUIs, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes–Room for improvement: MRO, slots, GUIs, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes, Listing attributes per object in class trees–Running the tree lister, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Extending Built-in Types–Extending Types by Subclassing, The “New Style” Class Model, The “New Style” Class Model, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes–Coupling: Application to mix-in classes, Class Gotchas–KISS Revisited: “Overwrapping-itis”, Scopes in Methods and Classes, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Exception Objects–Test Your Knowledge: Answers, Descriptors, Managing Functions and Classes, Decorators Manage Functions and Classes, Too, Singleton Classes–Coding alternatives, Managing Functions and Classes Directly–Managing Functions and Classes Directly, Classes Are Instances of type–Classes Are Instances of type, Manual Augmentation–Metaclass-Based Augmentation, Decorator-based augmentation

about, Python’s Core Data Types, Why Use Classes?, The World’s Simplest Python Class–The World’s Simplest Python Class

augmented, Manual Augmentation–Metaclass-Based Augmentation, Decorator-based augmentation

class instances, Type Objects

closures versus, Closures versus classes, round 1

coding class trees, Coding Class Trees–Coding Class Trees

coding gotchas, Class Gotchas–KISS Revisited: “Overwrapping-itis”

combining, Other Ways to Combine Classes–Other Ways to Combine Classes

customizing behavior, Step 4: Customizing Behavior by Subclassing–OOP: The Big Idea

customizing constructors, Step 5: Customizing Constructors, Too–Other Ways to Combine Classes

decorators and, Managing Functions and Classes, Decorators Manage Functions and Classes, Too, Managing Functions and Classes Directly–Managing Functions and Classes Directly

descriptors and, Descriptors

dictionaries versus, Records Revisited: Classes Versus Dictionaries–Records Revisited: Classes Versus Dictionaries

docstrings and, Documentation Strings Revisited

exception, Exception Objects–Test Your Knowledge: Answers

explicit attributes and, State with Classes: Explicit Attributes (Preview)

extending built-in types, Extending Built-in Types–Extending Types by Subclassing

functions and, Classes and Instances, Method Calls, Example

generators and, Generation in Built-in Types, Tools, and Classes–Preview: User-defined iterables in classes, Classes versus generators

inheritance and, Coding Class Trees, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance–Classes Are Attributes in Modules, Classes Are Customized by Inheritance, Inheritance–Abstract superclasses in Python 3.X and 2.6+: Preview, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes–Room for improvement: MRO, slots, GUIs

instances, Classes and Instances (see instances)

intercepting operators, Classes Can Intercept Python Operators–Why Use Operator Overloading?, Step 3: Operator Overloading–Providing Print Displays

introspection tools, Step 6: Using Introspection Tools–Our Classes’ Final Form

listing attributes in class trees, Listing attributes per object in class trees–Running the tree lister

methods and, Method Calls, Step 2: Adding Behavior Methods–Coding Methods, Methods–Other Method Call Possibilities

mix-in, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes–Room for improvement: MRO, slots, GUIs, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes–Coupling: Application to mix-in classes

modules and, Classes and Instances, Classes Are Attributes in Modules, Example, Classes Versus Modules

MRO ordering, Augmenting Methods: The Good Way, Multiple Inheritance: “Mix-in” Classes

name considerations, Name Considerations in Tool Classes

namespaces and, Example, Namespaces: The Conclusion–Namespace Links: A Tree Climber

nesting, Nested Classes: The LEGB Scopes Rule Revisited–Nested Classes: The LEGB Scopes Rule Revisited

new-style, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects (see new-style classes)

objects and, Classes Are Objects: Generic Object Factories–Why Factories?, The “New Style” Class Model

operator overloading, Getting Help

persistence and, Stream Processors Revisited

polymorphism and, Polymorphism and classes–Polymorphism and classes, Polymorphism in Action

proxy, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects (see proxy classes)

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz–Test Your Knowledge: Answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

scopes in, Scopes in Methods and Classes

singleton, Singleton Classes–Coding alternatives

storing objects in databases, Step 7 (Final): Storing Objects in a Database–Updating Objects on a Shelve

subclasses, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects (see subclasses)

superclasses, Classes Generate Multiple Instance Objects (see superclasses)

type object and, Classes Are Instances of type–Classes Are Instances of type

usage examples, A First Example–A First Example, A Second Example, A Third Example–Returning results, or not, Our Classes’ Final Form–Our Classes’ Final Form

user-defined, User-Defined Classes

version considerations, The “New Style” Class Model

classmethod built-in function, Static and Class Methods, Using Static and Class Methods–Using Static and Class Methods

client module, A Tale of Three Systems

closures, Factory Functions: Closures (see factory functions)

__cmp__ method, Comparisons: __lt__, __gt__, and Others–The __cmp__ Method in Python 2.X

code points, Unicode Strings, Escape Sequences Represent Special Characters, Character code conversions, How Python Stores Strings in Memory

codecs module, Unicode Strings, Unicode Text Files, Files, Text and Binary Files: The Short Story, Unicode Files in 2.X

about, Unicode Strings

open method, Unicode Text Files, Files, Text and Binary Files: The Short Story, Unicode Files in 2.X

coding, Common Coding Gotchas (see development considerations)

cohesion, Function Design Concepts, Module Design Concepts

in functions, Function Design Concepts

in modules, Module Design Concepts

collections module, More Dictionary Methods, More Dictionary Methods, Records Revisited: Named Tuples

namedtuple function, More Dictionary Methods, Records Revisited: Named Tuples

OrderedDict subclass, More Dictionary Methods

colon (:), What Python Adds

comma (,), Tuple syntax peculiarities: Commas and parentheses

command lines and files, System Command Lines and Files (see system command lines and files)

command-line arguments, Extended slicing: The third limit and slice objects, Example: Dual Mode Code, Python Command-Line Arguments–Python 2.X command-line arguments

comments, What Not to Type: Prompts and Comments, A First Script, The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows–The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows, Variables and Basic Expressions, Python Syntax Revisited, Python Documentation Sources, # Comments

# character, What Not to Type: Prompts and Comments, A First Script, Variables and Basic Expressions, Python Documentation Sources, # Comments

#! characters, The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows–The Python 3.3 Windows Launcher: #! Comes to Windows

statements and, Python Syntax Revisited

comparison operations, Comparisons: Normal and Chained–Comparisons: Normal and Chained, More on sorting lists, Dictionary magnitude comparisons no longer work in 3.X, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth–Python 2.X and 3.X dictionary comparisons, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth, Python 2.X and 3.X mixed-type comparisons and sorts, Truth Values and Boolean Tests–Truth Values and Boolean Tests, Comparisons: __lt__, __gt__, and Others–The __cmp__ Method in Python 2.X

built-in object types, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth–Python 2.X and 3.X dictionary comparisons

dictionaries, Dictionary magnitude comparisons no longer work in 3.X, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

lists, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

numbers, Comparisons: Normal and Chained–Comparisons: Normal and Chained, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

operator overloading and, Comparisons: __lt__, __gt__, and Others–The __cmp__ Method in Python 2.X

recursive, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

sets, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

strings, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

testing truth values, Truth Values and Boolean Tests–Truth Values and Boolean Tests

tuples, Comparisons, Equality, and Truth

version considerations, More on sorting lists, Python 2.X and 3.X mixed-type comparisons and sorts

compile built-in function, Direct Calls: Two Options

compiled extensions, OK, but What’s the Downside?

completion certificate, Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!–Encore: Print Your Own Completion Certificate!

complex built-in function, Numeric Literals, Type Objects

complex numbers, Numbers, Complex Numbers

component coupling, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes

component integration, Component Integration

composition, Why Use Classes?, Other Ways to Combine Classes–Other Ways to Combine Classes, OOP and Composition: “Has-a” Relationships–Stream Processors Revisited

about, Why Use Classes?

combining classes, Other Ways to Combine Classes–Other Ways to Combine Classes

OOP considerations, OOP and Composition: “Has-a” Relationships–Stream Processors Revisited

compound object types, Object Flexibility

compound statements, Usage Notes: The Interactive Prompt, Entering multiline statements, What Python Adds, Statement rule special cases–Statement rule special cases, if Tests and Syntax Rules, if Tests and Syntax Rules, Python Syntax Revisited, Python Syntax Revisited, A Few Special Cases–A Few Special Cases, Timing multiline statements

(see also specific statements)

about, if Tests and Syntax Rules, Python Syntax Revisited

colon character, What Python Adds

common usage mistakes, Usage Notes: The Interactive Prompt, Entering multiline statements

special case rules, Statement rule special cases–Statement rule special cases, A Few Special Cases–A Few Special Cases

terminating, Python Syntax Revisited

timing, Timing multiline statements

comprehension variables, Other Python scopes: Preview, Scopes and Comprehension Variables

comprehensions, Set literals in Python 3.X and 2.7, Set comprehensions in Python 3.X and 2.7, Other Ways to Make Dictionaries, Dictionary comprehensions in 3.X and 2.7–Dictionary comprehensions in 3.X and 2.7, Other Iteration Contexts, Other Iteration Contexts, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Generator Expressions: Iterables Meet Comprehensions–Generator expressions versus filter, Comprehension Syntax Summary–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries, Comprehending Set and Dictionary Comprehensions–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries, Comprehending Set and Dictionary Comprehensions–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

(see also list comprehensions)

dictionary, Other Ways to Make Dictionaries, Dictionary comprehensions in 3.X and 2.7–Dictionary comprehensions in 3.X and 2.7, Other Iteration Contexts, Comprehending Set and Dictionary Comprehensions–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries

iterables versus, Generator Expressions: Iterables Meet Comprehensions–Generator expressions versus filter

quiz questions and answers, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz, Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

set, Set literals in Python 3.X and 2.7, Set comprehensions in Python 3.X and 2.7, Other Iteration Contexts, Comprehending Set and Dictionary Comprehensions–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries

syntax summary, Comprehension Syntax Summary–Extended Comprehension Syntax for Sets and Dictionaries

concatenating, Sequence Operations, Getting Help, Basic Operations, Basic List Operations, Tuples, Namespace Packages in Action, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

lists, Basic List Operations, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

strings, Sequence Operations, Getting Help, Basic Operations, Example: Catching Built-in Exceptions

tuples, Tuples

virtual concatenation, Namespace Packages in Action

conflict resolution, diamond inheritance trees, Explicit conflict resolution–Explicit conflict resolution

constants, Python’s Core Data Types

constructors, Coding Constructors, Coding Constructors, Step 5: Customizing Constructors, Too–Other Ways to Combine Classes, Calling Superclass Constructors, Calling Superclass Constructors, Constructors and Expressions: __init__ and __sub__, You usually want to call superclass constructors

class gotchas, You usually want to call superclass constructors

coding, Coding Constructors

customizing, Step 5: Customizing Constructors, Too–Other Ways to Combine Classes

__init__ method and, Coding Constructors, Calling Superclass Constructors

operator overloading and, Constructors and Expressions: __init__ and __sub__

superclass, Calling Superclass Constructors

__contains__ method, Polymorphism Revisited, Common Operator Overloading Methods, Membership: __contains__, __iter__, and __getitem__–Membership: __contains__, __iter__, and __getitem__

__context__ attribute, Python 3.X Exception Chaining: raise from

context managers, Decimal context manager, Using Files, File Context Managers, Exception Basics, Termination Actions, with/as Context Managers–The Context Management Protocol, Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later–Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later, Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later–Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later, Closing Files and Server Connections

about, with/as Context Managers–The Context Management Protocol

closing files and server connections, Closing Files and Server Connections

decimals, Decimal context manager

files, Using Files, File Context Managers

implementing, Exception Basics, Termination Actions

multiple, Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later–Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later

version considerations, Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later–Multiple Context Managers in 3.1, 2.7, and Later

contextlib module, The Context Management Protocol

continuation lines in statements, Statement rule special cases, Statement Delimiters: Lines and Continuations

continue statement, Python’s Statements, break, continue, pass, and the Loop else, continue

control flows, Exception Roles, Example: Control-Flow Nesting

exceptions and, Exception Roles

nesting, Example: Control-Flow Nesting

control languages, Is Python a “Scripting Language”?, OK, but What’s the Downside?, Component Integration

control-flow statements, Python Syntax Revisited

conversions, Mixed types are converted up, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions–Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions, Fraction conversions and mixed types, Fraction conversions and mixed types, String Basics, String Conversion Tools–Character code conversions, Conversions, methods, and immutability–Conversions, methods, and immutability, Storing Python Objects in Files: Conversions–Storing Python Objects in Files: Conversions, 2to3 converter, 2to3 converter, Converting Encodings, Mixing String Types

case, String Basics

for encodings, Converting Encodings

fraction, Fraction conversions and mixed types

hex, octal, binary notation, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions–Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions

integer, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions

mixed types, Mixed types are converted up, Fraction conversions and mixed types

storing objects in files, Storing Python Objects in Files: Conversions–Storing Python Objects in Files: Conversions

string, Hex, Octal, Binary: Literals and Conversions, String Conversion Tools–Character code conversions

string types, Mixing String Types

3to2 converter, 2to3 converter

tuple, Conversions, methods, and immutability–Conversions, methods, and immutability

2to3 converter, 2to3 converter

copy module, References Versus Copies

core data types, Python’s Core Data Types (see built-in object types)

coupling, Function Design Concepts, Module Design Concepts, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes–Coupling: Application to mix-in classes, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes

component, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes

functions, Function Design Concepts

modules, Module Design Concepts

super built-in function, Coupling: Application to mix-in classes–Coupling: Application to mix-in classes

cPickle module, Storing Native Python Objects: pickle

CPython system, Python Implementation Alternatives, CPython: The standard, Interactive usage and API calls–Command-line usage

about, Python Implementation Alternatives, CPython: The standard

timeit module and, Interactive usage and API calls–Command-line usage

CSV file format, String Method Examples: Parsing Text, Storing Python Objects in JSON Format

csv module, String Method Examples: Parsing Text, Storing Python Objects in JSON Format

curly braces { }, Mapping Operations, Statement rule special cases

currency symbols, Currency Symbols: Unicode in Action–Currency Symbols: Unicode in Action

current working directory (CWD), Imports outside packages, Imports are still relative to the CWD, Imports are still relative to the CWD, again

CWD (current working directory), Imports outside packages, Imports are still relative to the CWD, Imports are still relative to the CWD, again

cx_freeze tool, Frozen Binaries

cycles, recursive calls and, Cycles, paths, and stack limits

cyclic data structures, Beware of Cyclic Data Structures

cyclic references, Objects Are Garbage-Collected

Cygwin system, Starting an Interactive Session

Cython system, Python Implementation Alternatives, Cython: A Python/C hybrid