Test Your Knowledge: Quiz

What is the output of the following code, and why?

>>> X = 'Spam'
>>> def func():
        print(X)

>>> func()

What is the output of this code, and why?

>>> X = 'Spam'
>>> def func():
        X = 'NI!'

>>> func()
>>> print(X)

What does this code print, and why?

>>> X = 'Spam'
>>> def func():
        X = 'NI'
        print(X)

>>> func()
>>> print(X)

What output does this code produce? Why?

>>> X = 'Spam'
>>> def func():
        global X
        X = 'NI'

>>> func()
>>> print(X)

What about this code—what’s the output, and why?

>>> X = 'Spam'
>>> def func():
        X = 'NI'
        def nested():
            print(X)
        nested()

>>> func()
>>> X

How about this example: what is its output in Python 3.X, and why?

>>> def func():
        X = 'NI'
        def nested():
            nonlocal X
            X = 'Spam'
        nested()
        print(X)

>>> func()

Name three or more ways to retain state information in a Python function.