Index

Page references in italics indicate illustrations; bold indicates charts.

A

Able Gardner, The, 197

Absinthium (Artemisia absinthium), 28

Acer, 112–13

Achillea millefolium, 79–80

Acidity. See Soil improvement

Acorns (Quercus), 35

Agropyron repens, 83, 88, 164

Alder (Alnus tenufolia), 109

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

companions, 81, 89

cover crop, 96

soil improvement, 133–34, 139

Algae, 49

Allium ascalonicum, 24–25, 116

Allium cepa. See Onion

Allium porrum, 9, 10, 11, 19

Allium sativum. See Garlic

Allium schoenoprausum. See Chive

Allium vineale, 59, 86

Almond (Prunus dulcis), 105

Alnus tenufolia, 109

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), 28–29

Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), 49–50, 71

Ammoracia rusticana, 18, 96

Anacardium occidentale, 105

Andropogon sorghum, 46, 88, 91

Anethum graveolens, 7, 8, 10, 36

Angelica, 46, 73, 108

Anise (Pimpinella anisum), 29, 36, 48

Anthemis cotula, 65

Anthriscus cerefolium, 32, 192

Ants

fumigation, 150

repellents, 16, 43, 44, 74, 114

and toads, 166

Aphids

fumigation, 150

insecticides, 7, 152, 153

predators, 156, 161

repellents, 22, 27, 36, 43, 114, 116, 160, 168

Apium graveolens, 6–10, 19, 45

Apium graveolens rapaceum, 10–11

Apples (Malus spp.), 32, 97, 100–101, 107–8

Apricots (Prunus spp.), 97, 101

Araceae, 51

Arachis hypogaea, 22, 97

Arctium, 51

Artemisia abrotanum, 9, 46, 96, 147

Artemisia absinthium. See Wormwood

Artemisia dracunculus, 47, 192

Artemisia vulgaris lactiflora, 43

Asarum canadensis, 59, 74–75

Asclepias, 66

Asimina triloba, 69

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

companions, 21, 26

and nematodes, 149–50, 163

overview, 5

Asperula odorata, 48

Aspirin, 118

Aster (Asteroides), 50

Astragalus mollissimus, 64–65

Atriplex hortensis, 43

Avena sativa, 18–19, 85, 90, 97

Azalea (Rhododendron), 107, 109–10, 115, 161

B

Bacillus thuringiensis, 25, 115, 117, 145, 159

Baked-appleberry (Rubus chamaemorus), 51

Barley, 64, 86

Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

companions, 5, 22

in kitchen garden, 191

overview, 29–30

as pepper substitute, 44

Basolo, D. C., 84

Bay (Lauris nobilis), 30, 191

Bean (Phaseolus and Vicia)

and herbs, 39, 46

overview, 5–6

spray, pepper, 161

and vegetables, 15–18, 20, 22, 25

Bean, bush (Phaseolus vulgaris)

companions, 7, 11, 23, 38, 100

overview, 6

Bean, lima (Phaseolus limensis), 6–7, 112

Bean, pole, 7–8, 15, 19, 23

Bee balm (Monarda), 30

Beech (Fagus), 56, 110

Beet (Beta vulgaris)

companions, 6–7, 19–20, 23, 36, 50

overview, 7

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), 84

Beta vulgaris. See Beet

Betula, 110, 136

Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association, 96, 207

Biodynamic gardening, 95–95, 110

Biodynamic Treatment of Fruit Trees, Berries and Shrubs, The, 95

Birch (Betula), 110, 136

Blackberries (Rubus spp.), 74, 98–99, 107

Blackfly, 147

Black spot, 23, 26, 88, 116

Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), 73, 75

Blight, 81, 100–101, 116

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), 98

Bollworms, 81, 145, 151

Borage (Boraginaceae), 30, 100

Borers

and diatomaceous earth, 149

insecticides, 153

overview, 147

planting, timing of, 20

repellents, 39, 74, 96, 102, 168

Boysenberry (Rubus ursinis ‘Boysen’), 98

Brassica arvensis, 7, 52

Brassicaceae, 7, 19, 23, 38. See also Cabbage

Cauliflower Brassica chinensis, 14–15

Brassica napus, 87

Brassica oleracea acephala, 8, 18–19, 139

Brassica oleraceae, 7–8, 23, 43–44

Brassica oleracea, var. acephala, 8, 15

Brassica rapa and Brassica napobrassica, 8, 22–23, 26–27, 64

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae), 7–8, 23, 43–44

Broom bush (Sarothamnus vulgaris), 51

Bruce, M. E., 73–74

Brussels sprouts, 8, 14, 23, 44

Buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides), 85

Burbank, Luther, 68

Burdock (Arctium), 51

Burger, Pixie, 199

Butternut (Juglans cinerea), 52, 105

C

Cabbage (Brassicaceae)

and grasses, 88

and herbs, 31, 36, 41–42, 44–46

overview, 8

and vegetables, 6, 11, 18, 23

Cabbageworms insecticides, 152

repellents, 43, 46–48, 88, 157, 168

Cactaceae, 68

Calamus (Araceae), 51

Camomile (Chamomile)

companions, 8, 20, 44, 91

overview, 31

Campbell, Stu, 127

Canada thistle, 91, 164

Caper spurge (Euphorbia lathyrus), 55, 159

Capsella bursa-pastoris, 71, 73

Capsicum frutescens var. fasciculatum and var. longum, 160–61

Capsicum frutescens var. grossum, 22

Capsicum spp., 12–14

Caraway (Carum carvi), 32, 38, 48

Carrot (Daucus carota) and fruits, 97

and grasses, 82

and herbs, 32, 36, 45

overview, 9–10

and vegetables, 6, 19, 22–23, 26

wild, 78

and wild plants, 50

Carum carvi, 32, 38, 48

Carya illinoinensis, 106–7

Carya spp., 106

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), 105

Castanea dentata, 58, 105, 114

Castanea mollissima, 58, 106

Castor bean (Ricinus communis), 147–48, 159

Caterpillars

Bacillus thuringiensis, 115, 145

predators, 161, 166

repellents, 17, 116, 160

Catnip (Nepeta cataria), 32

Cauliflower (Brassicaceae) companions, 6, 8, 11, 14, 23

overview, 10

Cayenne peppers, 17, 162

Celeriac (Apium graveolens rapaceum), 10–11

Celery (Apium graveolens), 6–10, 19, 45

Chamaecyparis spp., 45

Chamomile. See Camomile

Charlock (Brassica arvensis), 7, 52

Chayote (Sechium edule), 11

Chenopodium album, 64, 77

Cherries (Prunus spp.), 91, 101

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), 32, 192

Chestnut, American (Castanea dentata), 58, 105, 114

Chestnut, Chinese (Castanea mollissima), 58, 106

Chicory (Cichorium intybus), 33, 135

Chile peppers (Capsicum spp.), 12–14

Chinch bugs, 89, 157, 161

Chinese celery cabbage (Brassica chinensis), 14–15

Chive (Allium schoenoprausum)

aphrodisiac, 204

and borers, 147

companions, 10, 26, 96, 116

overview, 32

Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), 98, 118

Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, 7, 72, 100

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 68

Cichorium intybus, 33, 135

Cinquefoil (Potentilla monspeliensis), 52

Circium, 75, 77, 135

Citrullus vulgaris, 24, 27, 64, 73

Citrus (Citrus spp.), 101, 115

Cleavers (Galium sparine), 33–34

Clover (Leguminosae)

companions, 27, 89, 107

as cover crop, 96

soil improvement, 134–35, 140

Clubroot, 9, 23, 168

Cnicus benedictus, 73, 75

Cockroach, 148, 149

Codling moths, 103, 149, 153

Collard (Brassica oleracea, var. acephala), 8, 15

Colorado potato beetles, 17, 67, 82, 145–46

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), 35–36

Companion planting. See also Mulching

Pest control

Soil improvement

specific plants

aphrodisiac herbal window box, 204–5, 206

background, 1–4

biodynamic gardening, 95–96, 110

border plants, 121

business, sources, 207–8

butterfly garden, 199

catch cropping, 121

child’s garden, 194–95 and climate, 121–22

damping-off, 31, 122

double digging, 123

French intensive gardening, 122–24

and frost, 124

fruits, 93–104

grasses and grains, 81–92

herbs, 28–48

intercropping, 125–26

kitchen herb garden, 191–92, 193 microclimate, 126–27

minigardens, 198

model companion garden, 180–81, 182 183

no-stoop garden, 196–97

nuts, 105–8

ornamental trees and shrubs, 109–20

poisonous plants, 169–79

pollination, 93–94, 96, 124–25

postage stamp garden, 188–89

raised beds, 122–24

roof garden, 190

rules for, 126

shade, 129

soil pH, 128–29

spirit garden, 199–201, 202–3

succession planting, 129–30

suicide in, 130

two-level planting, 130–31

two-season planting, 131

vegetables, 5–27

vertical gardening, 131–32

weekend garden, 183–84, 185, 186–88

wild plants, 49–80

Companion Plants, 80

Compost

ingredients, 20, 36, 47, 73, 110–11, 142–44

overview, 135–36

Conifers, 110–11, 136

Convolvulaceae, 78–79

Coon, Nelson, 33

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), 29, 36, 38

Corn (Zea mays) and grasses, 82, 85, 89, 91

overview, 15

and raccoons, 162–63

and vegetables, 6, 7, 16, 18, 20–23, 26

and wild plants, 50, 64–65, 73, 79

Corylus spp., 106

Cotton (Gossypium), 41, 81, 134

Crab apples (Malus spp.), 101

Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), 82

Crotalaria, 72

Crowfoot (Ranunculaceae), 52

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and herbs, 36, 39

overview, 16

and vegetables, 6, 11, 15, 19–23

and wild plants, 45, 64, 73–74

and wood ashes, 168

Cucurbitaceae, 15, 20, 23, 134

Cucurbita pepo. See Pumpkin Cuisine of the American Southwest, 12

Curcubitaceae. See Squash Cutworms, 114, 148, 166

Cydonia oblonga, 104

Cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias), 52–53, 99

D

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

companions, 35, 96

overview, 53

soil improvement, 133, 135

Datura (Datura stramonium), 22, 53–54, 144

Daucus carota. See Carrot

Dead nettle (Lamium album), 54

Devil’s shoestring (Tephrosia virginiana), 54

Digitaria sanguinalis, 82

Dill (Anethum graveolens), 7, 8, 10, 36

Dionaea muscipula, 76

Diseases. See Pest control

specific diseases

Dock (Rumex crispus), 54

Downy mildew, 16, 96

Dryopteris filix-mas, 56

Dyer’s greenweed (Genista tinctoria), 54

E

Eelgrass (Zostera marina), 54–55, 142

Eelworms. See Nematodes

Eggplant (Solanum melongena), 17, 20, 50

Eglantine, 79

Eichhornia crassipes, 76

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra and Sambucus canadensis), 98, 111, 150

Elecampane (Inula helenium), 37–38

Elm (Ulmus), 111

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 76

Equisetum arvense, 16, 60–62, 66, 135

Erigeron, 56

Esparsette (Onobrychis viciaefolia), 82

Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), 55

Euphorbia cyparissias, 52–53, 99

Euphorbia lathyrus, 55, 159

F

Fagus, 56, 110

Fennel (Nigella sativa) companions, 6, 25, 32, 36, 48

overview, 38

Fern, male (Dryopteris filix-mas), 56

Ficus carica, 44, 101–2

Fiddlehead fern (Pteridium aquilinum), 56

Fig (Ficus carica), 44, 101–2

Filberts and hazels (Corylus spp.), 106

Firth, Grace, 63

Flax (Linum usitatissimum), 82

Fleabane (Erigeron), 56

Flea beetles, 15, 23, 32, 48

Fleas, 44–45, 48, 65, 108

Flies

and diatomaceous earth, 149

predators, 161, 167

repellents, 27, 29, 45, 69, 74, 97, 106

Fragaria, 79

Fragaria x ananassa. See Strawberry Frank, A. B., 58

Freckle remedies, 40

Fruits. See also specific fruits

culture, mixed, 95–96

and fungus, 97–98

hints for, 96–97

pollination, 93–94, 96

small, 98–100

soil preparation, 94–95

trees, 39, 46, 100–104

Fungi, 57–59, 62, 157

G

Galium sparine, 33–34

Gardening. See Companion planting

Gardening Without Poisons, 62

Garlic (Allium sativum)

aphrodisiac, 205

companions, 22, 26, 96–97, 102

overview, 38–39

as pest control, 147, 159, 166

and roses, 116

Garlic, meadow (Allium vineale), 59, 86

Genista tinctoria, 54

Geraniums, 116, 158

Gerard, John, 205

Gibbons, Euell, 34, 50, 74, 159

Ginger, wild ginger (Asarum canadensis), 59, 74–75

Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), 59–60

Gladiolus, 6, 22

Glycine max and G. soya, 89, 158

Goldenrod (Solidago), 60

Gooseberries, 26, 96

Goose grass, 33–34, 135

Gophers, 150

Gossypium, 41, 81, 134

Gramma grass (Bouteloua spp.), 85

Grapes (Vitis spp.)

companions, 40–41, 53, 74

overview, 99

and trees, 111, 113

Grass, Korean (Zoysia japonica), 83

Grass, quack (Agropyron repens or Triticum repens), 83, 88, 164

Grasses and grains, 81–92, 153. See also specific plants

Grasshoppers, 40, 151, 153

Greer, Anne Lindsay, 12

Grubs, 85, 89, 166

Gypsy moths, 115, 149

H

Hamamelis virginiana, 119–20

Helenium autumnale, 86

Helianthus annus, 7, 16, 20, 34

Helianthus tuberosus, 18

Henbane (Hyoscyamusniger, L.), 60, 135

Herbal Guide to Food, 191

Herball, 205

Herbs. See also specific herbs

aphrodisiac herbal window box, 204–5, 206

coffee substitutes, 32–35

drying, 36–37

kitchen herb garden, 191–92, 193

overview, 28–48

pepper substitutes, 44

salt substitutes, 45

sugar substitutes, 46–47

for tea, 39

Hibiscus esculentus, 20, 22

Hickories (Carya spp.), 106

Holcus sorghum, 46, 88, 91

Honeybees, 36, 124–25

Horehound (Marrubian vulgare), 39–40

Horseradish (Ammoracia rusticana), 18, 96

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), 16, 60–62, 66, 135

Household Ecology, 199

Hunter, Beatrice Trum, 62

Hyoscyamusniger, L., 60, 135

Hypericum perforatum, 72

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), 9, 23, 40–41, 99

I

Impatiens bifora or I. pallida, 63, 70

Indian cucumber (Medeola virginiana), 63

Insects. See Pest control

Inula helenium, 37–38

Inulin, 18, 37

Ipomea batalas, 25

J

Japanese beetles insecticides, 153

and milky spore disease, 157

repellents, 44, 54, 74, 89

and roses, 116

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), 18

Jewelweed (Impatiens bifora or I. pallida), 63, 70

Jimsonweed (Datura), 22, 53–54, 144

Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), 85

Juglans cincerea, 52, 105

Juglans nigra, 107–8

Juglans regia, 108

K

Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala), 8, 18–19, 139

Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa), 84

Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), 27, 61, 63–64

Kohlrabi (Brassicaceae), 7, 19, 23, 38

L

Lactuca sativa. See Lettuce

Lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album), 64, 77

Lamium album, 54

Larkspur, wild (Ranunculaceae), 64, 86, 158

Lauris nobilis, 30, 191

Lavender (Lavendula officinalis), 41

Leek (Allium porrum), 9, 10, 11, 19

Leguminosae. See Clover Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), 41, 46

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and beetles, 150

and fruits, 100

and herbs, 36

overview, 19

and vegetables, 7, 10, 20, 23

Levisticum officinale, 41–42, 45

Linum usitatissimum, 82

Locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus and A. diphysus), 64–65

Locust (Robinia spp.), 6–7, 112

Loranthaceae, 67

Louis Gerardi Nursery, 103, 207

Lovage (Levisticum officinale), 41–42, 45

Lupine (Lupinus perennis), 65, 116

Lychnis floscuculi, 66

Lycopersicon esculentum. See Tomato

M

Maclura pomifera, 115

M.aggots, 20, 114, 164, 168

Malus spp., 32, 97, 100–101, 107–8

Maple (Acer), 112–13

Marigolds

companions, 6, 26, 64, 96, 100

and nematodes, 149, 163–64

and roses, 116

Marjoram (Marjorana hortensis), 42, 44–45, 73, 192

Marrubian vulgare, 39–40

Mayweed (Anthemis cotula), 65

Meadow pink (Lychnis floscuculi), 66

Medeola virginiana, 63

Medicago sativa. See Alfalfa

Melilotus alba and M. Indica, 89, 144

Melissa officinalis, 41, 46

Melon (Cucurbitaceae), 15, 20, 23, 134

Mentha. See Mint

Mentha piperita. See Peppermint

Mentha pulegium, 44

Mentha spicata, 46, 108, 147, 191–92

Mexican bean beetles, 6, 146

Mice

overview, 156–57

repellents, 41, 43, 55, 65, 168

Mildew

and diatomaceous earth, 149

horsetail tea, 62

overview, 58

and plants, 99, 116

and soil, 7

Mildew, powdery (Erysiphaceae), 32, 66, 96

Milkweed (Asclepias), 66

Milky spore disease (Bacillus popillae), 116, 157–59

Mint (Mentha)

aphrodisiac, 205

companions, 73

overview, 42–43, 191–92

as pest control, 150, 156

Mistletoe (Loranthaceae), 67

Moles, 55, 147–48, 159, 167

Monarda, 30

Morning glory, wild (Convolvulaceae), 78–79

Morus spp., 98, 102, 113

Mosquitoes

and Bacillus thuringiensis, 145

and diatomaceous earth, 149

overview, 159–60

repellents, 29, 39, 44, 51, 56, 117, 147

and toads, 167

Moths

and Bacillus thuringiensis, 145

overview, 160

predators, 151, 167

repellents, 41, 43, 45, 48, 88

Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris lactiflora), 43

Mulberries (Morus spp.), 98, 102, 113

Mulch Book, The, 127–28

Mulching

and climate, 122

overview, 127–28

pine needles, 110, 115

soil improvement, 95

Muscadine, 99

Mushrooms, 57

Muskmelons, 64, 73

Mustard companions, 23, 27

field, 87

greens, 24

insect attractants, 151–52

wild, 18–19, 52, 96

N

Nasturtiums

companions, 23, 25, 26, 95

as pepper substitute, 44

pest control, 147, 151–52, 167

Natural Year, A, 63

Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica), 102

Nematodes overview, 149–50

repellents, 5, 16, 25, 100

and roses, 116

Nepeta cataria, 32

New Scientist, 15

Nicandra physalodes, 69

Nichols Garden Nursery, 41, 51, 207

Nigella sativa. See Fennel

Nightshade (Solanaceae), 67

Nut grass (Cyperus esculentus), 34, 67–68

Nuts, 39, 97, 105–8. See also specific nuts

Nymphaea odorata, 76

O

Oak (Quercus), 58, 114–15

Oats (Avena sativa), 18–19, 85, 90, 97

Ocimum basilicum. See Basil

Okra (Hibiscus esculentus), 20, 22

Onion (Allium cepa) and conifers, 110

and herbs, 31, 36, 46

overview, 20

as pest control, 147, 162

and roses, 116

and rye, 88

and vegetables, 6–10, 19, 22, 26

and wild plants, 50, 73

Onobrychis viciaefolia, 82

Opuntia (Cactaceae), 68

Orach (Atriplex hortensis), 43

Oregano (Origanum vulgare), 43–44

Ornamental trees and shrubs, 109–20. See also specific plants

Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), 115

Ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), 68

P

Panax quinquefolium, 59–60

Pansy, wild (Viola tricolor), 64, 69, 88

Papaver spp., 86, 88, 91

Paphanus raphanistrum, 79

Parsley (Petroselinum hortense)

aphrodisiac, 205

companions, 5, 26, 116

and freckles, 40

overview, 21, 192

Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), 22, 23, 79

Pawpaw trees (Asimina triloba), 69

Pea (Pisum sativum)

and herbs, 32, 39

overview, 22

and vegetables, 10, 15–18, 20, 25, 27

Peach (Prunus persica), 102, 105

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), 22, 97

Pears (Pyrus spp.), 103

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), 106–7

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvens), 69, 71

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), 44

Peonies, 64, 115

Pepper, hot (Capsicum frutescens var. fasciculatum and var. longum), 160–61

Pepper, sweet (Capsicum frutescens var. grossum), 22

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)

companions, 7–9, 31, 73

overview, 44, 191–92

Percival, Julia, 199

Persimmons (Diospyros spp.), 35, 103

Peruvian ground cherry (Nicandra physalodes), 69

Pest control. See also specific pests

Bacillus thuringiensis, 25, 115, 117, 145,159

beans and potatoes, 145–46

birds, 146–47

castor beans, 147–48, 159

companion planting, 2, 154–55

diatomaceous earth, 148–49

Encorsia formosa, 167

fumigation, 150

ichneumonid wasp, 151

insect attractants, 151–52

insecticides, 152–53

ladybugs, 156, 167

milky spore disease, 116, 157–59

molasses grass, 159

oak, smoke, 114, 150

praying mantis, 161–62

pyrethrum, 7, 72, 100, 152

repellents, 157, 165, 166

salt, common, 164–65

sprays, 16, 23, 32, 38, 41, 160–61, 168

toads, 166–67

trichogramma wasps, 107, 115

and two-season planting, 131

wood ashes, 162, 168

Petroselinum hortense. See Parsley

Pfeiffer, Ehrenfried E., 95–96, 110

Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, 56, 69

Phaseolus. See Bean

Phaseolus limensis, 6–7, 112

Phaseolus vulgaris. See Bean, bush

Phleum pratense, 89

Phytolacca americana, 70, 102

Picea, 117

Pigweed, 17, 23, 26, 49–50

Pimpinella anisum, 29, 36, 48

Pine (Pinus), 91, 115

Pisum sativum. See Pea

Plantain (Plantago), 69–70, 77

Platanus occidentalis, 117–18

Plums (Prunus spp.), 104

Poison ivy (Rhus radicans), 70

Poisonous plants, 169–71, 172–79

Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), 70, 102

Polygonum aviculare, 27, 61, 63–64

Poplar (Populus), 115

Poppy (Papaver spp.), 86, 88, 91

Portulaca oleracea, 71, 116

Potatoes

and flax, 82

and fruits, 97, 100–101

and herbs, 39, 43

and nuts, 107

and vegetables, 7–8, 15–16, 18, 20–23, 25–27

and wild plants, 64

Potentilla monspeliensis, 52

Potherbs, 71

Prunus dulcis, 105

Prunus pensylvanica, 118

Prunus persica, 102, 105

Prunus spp., 91, 97, 101, 104

Prunus virginiana, 98, 118

Pteridium aquilinum, 56

Puffball (Fungi), 71

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

companions, 15, 54, 64, 73

overview, 22–23

and raccoons, 162

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), 71, 116

Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium), 7, 72, 100

Pyrus spp., 103

Q

Quercus, 35, 58, 114–15

Quince (Cydonia oblonga), 104

R

Rabbits, 8, 19, 25, 39, 162

Raccoons, 6, 15–16, 160, 162–63

Radish (Raphanus sativus)

and herbs, 32, 39, 41

overview, 23

and vegetables, 7, 10, 16, 19, 22, 25

and wild plants, 50

Radish, wild (Paphanus raphanistrum), 79

Ranunculaceae, 52, 64, 86, 158

Rape (Brassica napus), 87

Raphanus sativus. See Radish

Raspberries (Rubus spp.), 44, 74, 98, 99–100

Rattlebox (Crotalaria), 72

Rheum rhaponticum, 23–24

Rhododendrons (Rhododendron), 107, 109–10, 115, 161

Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum), 23–24

Rhus radicans, 70

Rice, wild (Zizania aquatica), 87

Robinia spp., 6–7, 112

Root knot, 163–64

Root maggot, 164

Rosa rugosa (Rosa), 116

Rose (Rosa) and herbs, 39, 44

overview, 116–17

pepper spray, 161

and toads, 166

and vegetables, 21, 23, 26

and wild plants, 74

Rose, Jeanne, 191, 192

Rose, wild (Eglantine), 79

Rosemary, 7–10, 45, 192

Rubus chamaemorus, 51

Rubus spp., 44, 74, 98–100, 107

Rubus ursinis ‘Boysen’, 98

Rue (Ruta graveolens), 30, 44–45

Rumex crispus, 54

Rye (Secale cereale), 69, 87–88, 91, 100

Ryegrass (Lolium spp.), 85

S

Sage (Salvia officinalis)

companions, 7–10, 48, 73

and nematodes, 149

overview, 45, 192

St. Augustine (Stenotaphrum secundatum), 84

St.-John’s-Wort (Hypericum perforatum), 72

Salicin, 118

Salix, 118

Salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius), 24

Salvia officinalis. See Sage

Sambucus nigra and Sambucus canadensis, 98, 111, 150

Santolina (Chamaecyparis spp.), 45

Saponin, 25, 141–42

Sarothamnus vulgaris, 51

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum and S. varifolium), 34–35, 117, 159

Savory, summer (Satureia Hortensis)

companions, 6, 7, 20

overview, 46, 192

as pepper substitute, 44

as salt substitute, 45

Savory, winter (Satureia montana), 46

Scab, 27, 32, 96, 168

Scully, Virginia, 33

Seaweed, 142–44

Secale cereale, 69, 87–88, 91, 100

Sechium edule, 11

Senna seeds (Cassia occidentalis), 35

Sesame (Sesamum orientale), 46, 88

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum), 24–25, 116

Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), 71, 73

Silicic acid, 61–62

Slippery elm (Ulmus fulva), 111

Slugs, 48, 114, 149, 164–68

Smut, 58–59

Snails, 73, 149, 164–65

Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), 86

Soil improvement. See also Compost

by alfalfa, 81, 89, 96, 107, 133–34, 139

by buckwheat, 134

calcium, 30, 51, 53, 77, 134

by clover, 27, 96, 107, 134–35, 140

by earthworms, 47, 53, 116, 135–36, 139

fertilizers, 136–37, 140

fish emulsion, 25, 39, 143

green manures, 137–39

indicator plants, 50, 77

inoculants, 139

by legumes, 97, 130, 139–41, 181

magnesium, 77, 133, 135

nitrogen, 114, 133–34, 136–41

pH, 128–29

phosphorus, 47, 77, 133, 135

potassium, 30, 133, 135, 141

rhizobium, 141

saponin, 25, 141–42

by seaweed, 142–44

by sweet clover, 89, 144

by weeds, 76–78, 86, 144

Solanaceae, 67

Solanum melongena, 17, 20, 50

Solidago, 60

Sonchus arvensis, 73

Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), 46, 88, 91

Southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum), 9, 46, 96, 147

Sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis), 73

Soya bean — soybean (Glycine max and G. soya), 89, 158

Spearmint (Mentha spicata), 46, 108, 147, 191–92

Spiders, 23, 26–27, 39, 152, 165–66

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), 23, 25, 39, 100

Spruce (Picea), 117

Squash (Curcubitaceae)

companions, 15, 20, 23, 74

overview, 25

and toads, 166–67

Stalking the Healthful Herbs, 34, 50

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)

companions, 26, 43, 44, 96

and milk, 157

overview, 73–74

soil improvement, 135

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)

companions, 6–10, 19–20, 25, 30, 88

and conifers, 110

overview, 100

Strawberry, wild (Fragaria), 79

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), 89

Sunflower (Helianthus annus), 7, 16, 20, 34

Sweet clover (Melilotus alba and M. indica), 89, 144

Sweet potato (Ipomea batalas), 25

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), 117–18

Symphytum officinale, 35–36

T

Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), 74–75, 96

Tarragon, French (Artemisia dracunculus), 47, 192

Teosinte (Zea mexicana), 85

Tephrosia virginiana, 54

Termites, 150, 166

Thistle (Circium), 75, 77, 135

Thlaspi arvens, 69, 71

Thorn apple (Datura stramonium), 22, 53–54

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

aphrodisiac, 205

companions, 9, 44–45

overview, 47, 191

Tillandsia (Tillandsia usneoides), 75

Timothy (Phleum pratense), 89

Tobacco, 25–26, 152, 165, 167

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

and herbs, 29–30, 38–40, 43

and nuts, 107

overview, 25–26

and vegetables, 5–11, 15, 17, 19–21, 23

and wild plants, 50, 73

Tragopogon porrifolius, 24

Treasury of American Indian Herbs, A, 33

Triticale (Triticale), 90

Triticum repens, 83, 88, 164

Triticum vulgare. See Wheat Truffles, 58

Turnip-rutabaga (Brassica rapa and B. napobrassica), 8, 22–23, 26–27, 64

U

Ulmus, 111

Universal Herbal (of 1820), 47–48

Urtica dioica. See Stinging nettle

Using Plants for Healing, 33

V

Vaccinium spp., 98

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), 47–48, 73

Vegetables. See also specific vegetables

as aphrodisiacs, 205

cool-season, 124, 186 disease-resistant, 16–17

heavy feeders, 129–30, 181

high-vitamin, 17

insect-resistant, 153

legumes, 97, 130, 139–41, 181

light feeders, 130, 181

for minigardens, 198

overview, 5–27

perennial, 188

semi-hardy, 124

warm-season, 124, 187

Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), 76

Veratrum album, 25, 100, 165, 168

Vetch (Vicia), 39, 85, 90–91

Vicia. See Bean

Viola tricolor, 64, 69, 88

Vitis spp. See Grapes

W

Walnut, black (Juglans nigra), 107–8

Walnut, English (Juglans regia), 108

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), 76

Water lily (Nymphaea odorata), 76

Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), 24, 27, 64, 73

Weeds, 76–78, 86, 144. See also specific weeds

Weevils, 30, 39, 62, 149

Wheat (Triticum vulgare)

companions, 31, 68–69, 101

and conifers, 110–11

and maples, 113

overview, 91

and sorghum, 88

winter, 64, 86, 134

Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), 150, 167

White hellebore (Veratrum album), 25, 100, 165, 168

Wild cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), 118

Wild plants, 49–80. See also specific plants

Willow (Salix), 118

Wilt, 16, 17, 81

Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), 119–20

Woodchucks, 168

Woodruff, sweet (Asperula odorata), 48

Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)

companions, 9, 38

overview, 28, 48

as pest control, 150, 156, 165

Y

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), 79–80

Yeager, A. F., 17

Yeomans, Kathleen, 197

Z

Zea mays. See Corn

Zizania aquatica, 87

Zostera marina, 54–55, 142

Zoysia (Gramineae spp.), 84

Zoysia japonica, 83